尝试执行如下命令

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pkexec visudo

如果报错

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==== AUTHENTICATING FOR org.freedesktop.policykit.exec ===
Authentication is needed to run `/usr/sbin/visudo' as the super user
Authenticating as: ubuntu,,, (ubuntu)
Password:
polkit-agent-helper-1: error response to PolicyKit daemon: GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.PolicyKit1.Error.Failed: No session for cookie
==== AUTHENTICATION FAILED ===
Error executing command as another user: Not authorized
This incident has been reported.
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打开两个终端（终端1、终端2）
终端1

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echo $$

终端2

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pkttyagent --process 终端1的结果

终端1

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pkexec visudo